El Niño

I learned that El Niño is an oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, during which unusually warm ocean conditions appear along the western coast of Ecuador and Peru, causing climatic disturbances of varying severity. The term originally was used to describe the warm southward current that appears in the region every December, but it is now reserved for occurrences that are exceptionally intense and persistent. The accepted definition is a warming or cooling of at least 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) averaged over the east-central tropical Pacific Ocean. Typically, this anomaly happens at irregular intervals of 3–7 years and lasts nine months to two years.^[5] The average period length is 5 years. When this warming occurs for only seven to nine months, it is classified as El Niño conditions; when it occurs for more than that period, it is classified as El Niño episodes. The first signs of an El Niño are: 1.) Rise in surface pressure over the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and Australia. 2.) Fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.3.) Trade winds in the south Pacific weaken or head east.4.) Warm air rises near Peru, causing rain in the northern Peruvian deserts.5.) Warm water spreads from the west Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the east Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing extensive drought in the western Pacific and rainfall in the normally dry eastern Pacific. I want to know more about the reason why this phenomenon occurs and how it affects one place. I would like to research on how we can lessen the bad effects brought about by this phenomenon. I appreciate the fact that government finds ways on how to prevent El Niño’s effects especially in the field of agriculture, there are some plants that can survive without water over a period of time. I can apply my learning and insights in my daily existence like for example help to find a solution about this certain phenomenon.